A 5 kg cart moving at 4 m/s experiences a force of 2 N opposite its motion for 2 seconds. What is its final velocity?

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Prepare for the Year 10 Force and Motion Test. Utilize flashcards and multiple-choice questions with clear hints and explanations to ensure success. Equip yourself for excellence on your exam!

Multiple Choice

A 5 kg cart moving at 4 m/s experiences a force of 2 N opposite its motion for 2 seconds. What is its final velocity?

Explanation:
This question tests how a constant force opposite to motion changes velocity through impulse. A constant opposite force gives a deceleration. Compute the acceleration: a = F/m = -2 N / 5 kg = -0.4 m/s^2 (negative because it acts opposite to motion). Over 2 seconds, the change in velocity is Δv = a t = (-0.4 m/s^2)(2 s) = -0.8 m/s. Start with the initial velocity of 4 m/s and add the change: v = 4 m/s + (-0.8 m/s) = 3.2 m/s. So the cart ends moving forward, but slower, at 3.2 m/s. The other numbers would imply different deceleration values, which don’t match the given force and time.

This question tests how a constant force opposite to motion changes velocity through impulse. A constant opposite force gives a deceleration.

Compute the acceleration: a = F/m = -2 N / 5 kg = -0.4 m/s^2 (negative because it acts opposite to motion).

Over 2 seconds, the change in velocity is Δv = a t = (-0.4 m/s^2)(2 s) = -0.8 m/s.

Start with the initial velocity of 4 m/s and add the change: v = 4 m/s + (-0.8 m/s) = 3.2 m/s.

So the cart ends moving forward, but slower, at 3.2 m/s. The other numbers would imply different deceleration values, which don’t match the given force and time.

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